Coughing, Sneezing, & Squinting: How to Recognize the Signs of Upper Respiratory Tract Disease in Cats

Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is one of the most common illnesses seen in cats, especially kittens and cats living in multi-cat households. While it often resembles a “cold,” URTD can range from mild to serious and requires attentive care and prevention.

What Causes Upper Respiratory Disease?

Most feline upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses, including feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV). Bacterial infections can also occur, either alone or secondary to a viral illness. These pathogens spread easily through close contact, shared bowls, grooming, sneezing, and contaminated surfaces.

Common Symptoms to Watch For

Signs of upper respiratory disease may include:

• Sneezing and nasal congestion

• Runny nose or eyes (clear or colored discharge)

• Watery, red, or squinting eyes

• Coughing or noisy breathing

• Decreased appetite or sense of smell

• Lethargy or fever

• Mouth ulcers (more common with calicivirus)

If your cat stops eating for more than 24 hours, appears to be struggling to breathe, has excessive squinting of the eyes, or seems unusually quiet or withdrawn, contact a veterinarian promptly.

Prevention and Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective way to reduce the severity and spread of URTD. Core feline vaccines protect against herpesvirus and calicivirus and are recommended for all cats, including indoor-only cats. While vaccines may not prevent infection entirely, they significantly reduce symptoms and complications.

Good hygiene also plays an important role. Regularly clean food bowls, litter boxes, and bedding, and wash your hands between handling cats—especially if you have multiple pets.

Quarantine and Isolation

Cats with upper respiratory symptoms should be isolated from other cats whenever possible. Quarantine typically lasts 2–3 weeks, as cats may continue to shed the virus even after symptoms improve. Use separate bowls, litter boxes, and bedding during this time.

Monitoring Your Cat at Home

At home, monitor your cat’s appetite, breathing, energy level, and discharge from the eyes or nose. Encourage eating by offering warm, aromatic foods. Gentle cleaning of the eyes and nose with a soft, damp cloth can help improve comfort.

With early care and proper prevention, most cats recover well. If you have concerns or notice worsening symptoms, our veterinary team is always here to help.

Have questions about your pet’s health? 

Schedule an appointment with your primary care veterinarian or visit our Burbank or Koreatown location if your pet has urgent symptoms. 

Call us at (818) 296-0700 in Burbank or (323) 302-5200 in Koreatown to speak with a member of our care team. Top quality care for your kitty is our priority!