Eyes on the Problem: Common Tests, Treatments, & Issues for Your Pet’s Eyes

Eye problems in pets can be alarming—redness, squinting, discharge, or cloudiness often prompt urgent veterinary visits. Because many eye conditions can worsen quickly and even threaten vision, veterinarians rely on a set of specialized diagnostic tests to pinpoint the cause and guide treatment. Understanding these common eye diagnostics can help pet owners feel more prepared and informed during a visit.

Common Veterinary Eye Diagnostics

One of the most frequently performed tests is the fluorescein stain test. A bright green dye is applied to the surface of the eye to detect corneal ulcers or scratches. Under a blue light, damaged areas will glow green, revealing even tiny defects. Corneal ulcers are common in both cats and dogs and may result from trauma, dry eye, or infections.

Another key diagnostic is the Schirmer tear test (STT), which measures tear production. A small strip of paper is placed under the lower eyelid for about a minute. Low tear production may indicate keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye), a condition more common in dogs that can lead to chronic irritation, infections, and corneal damage if untreated.

Tonometry is used to measure intraocular pressure. This test is essential for diagnosing glaucoma (increased pressure) or uveitis (decreased pressure). Glaucoma is a painful and potentially blinding condition that requires prompt intervention, while uveitis often signals inflammation inside the eye that may be linked to infections or systemic disease.

For evaluating the back of the eye, an ophthalmoscope is used. This exam helps assess the retina and optic nerve, which can reveal conditions like retinal detachment, degeneration, or signs of systemic illnesses such as hypertension in cats.

Potential Findings

These tests can uncover a range of conditions. Corneal ulcers may vary from superficial scratches to deep, vision-threatening wounds. Dry eye can lead to thick discharge and chronic discomfort. Glaucoma often presents with redness, cloudiness, and pain, while uveitis may cause squinting and light sensitivity.

Cataracts, commonly seen in older dogs, appear as cloudiness within the lens and can impair vision. Retinal diseases may result in sudden blindness, particularly in cats with high blood pressure or underlying systemic conditions.

Infections—bacterial, viral (especially in cats), or fungal—can cause discharge, swelling, and irritation. Allergies or environmental irritants may also contribute to milder but persistent eye issues.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the diagnosis but often begins with topical medications such as antibiotic or anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments. For corneal ulcers, medications to prevent infection and promote healing are critical, and more severe ulcers may require surgical intervention.

Dry eye is typically managed with tear-stimulating medications like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, along with artificial tears to keep the eye lubricated. Lifelong treatment is often necessary.

Glaucoma requires urgent care to reduce eye pressure. This may involve medicated drops, oral medications, or in severe cases, surgery. Early intervention is key to preserving vision and minimizing pain.

Uveitis treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause while controlling inflammation, often using anti-inflammatory medications and sometimes systemic therapy.

For cataracts, surgery is sometimes an option—particularly in dogs—if overall eye health is good. Retinal conditions, however, may have limited treatment options depending on the cause.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

Eye issues should never be ignored. Signs such as squinting, redness, excessive tearing, discharge, cloudiness, or sudden vision changes warrant prompt veterinary attention. Early diagnosis using these common eye tests can make a significant difference in outcomes, helping preserve comfort and vision for your pet.

By understanding these diagnostic tools and what they reveal, pet owners can better partner with their veterinarian to ensure timely and effective care for their furry companions.

Worried about Your Pet’s Health? 

Schedule an appointment with your primary care veterinarian or visit our Burbank or Koreatown location if your pet has concerning symptoms. 

Call us at (818) 296-0700 in Burbank or (323) 302-5200 in Koreatown to speak with a member of our care team. We’re here to help for your furry loved one’s medical needs!